2^nd International Conference on Transcriptomics September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Human Transcriptome study is a part of Human Genome Project which is an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up human Transcriptome and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint. It includes all the aspects of Transcription in Human Prokaryotes and Transcription in Human Eukaryotes.

Relevant Conferences:

World Congress on Human Genetics, October 31-November 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; International Conference on Genetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine, August 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; International Conference and Expo on Molecular & Cancer Biomarkers September 15-17, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Clinical and Molecular Genetics November 28-30, 2016 Chicago, USA; International Conference on Next Generation Sequencing, July 21-22, 2016, Berlin, Germany; Human Genome Meeting 2016, February 28-March 02, 2016 Houston, USA; 13th International Congress of Human Genetics, April 3-7, 2016, Kyoto, Japan; The European Human Genetics Conference, May 21-24, 2016, Barcelona, Spain; 18th International Conference on Human Genetics, London, February 25-26, 2016, United Kingdom; Understanding the Function of Human Genome Variation, May 31-June 4, 2016, Uppsala, Sweden

Single-cell protein (SCP) typically refers to sources of mixed protein extracted from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi  or bacteria (grown on agricultural wastes) used as a substitute for protein-rich foods, in human and animal feeds. The study of this single cell on molecular basis is done by Single-cell Genomics which involves different tools and techniques. Single cell sequencing involves Transcription of Cells, after which it examines the sequence information from individual cells with optimized next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies like Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment.

Relevant Conferences:

5^th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and Gene Therapy May 19-21, 2016 San Antonio, USA; 6th World Congress on Cell & Stem Cell Research February 29-March 02, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; 2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, Nov 14-16, 2016, Atlanta, USA; International Conference on Clinical and Molecular Genetics November 28-30, 2016 Chicago, USA; International Conference on Next Generation Sequencing, July 21-22, 2016, Berlin, Germany; Cell Biology and Immunology of Persistent Infection, January 31-February 4, 2016, Alberta, Canada; NGS Data Analysis and Informatics Conference, February 18-19, 2016, San Diego, USA; Personalized Medicine World Conference, Silicon Valley 2016, January 24-27, 2016 Mountain View, USA; 3^rd Annual Single Cell Analysis Congress, November 12-13, 2015, London West, UK; RNA UK 2016.

The main role of Ocular Transcriptomics is to enhance the field of Ocular Genomics so that genomic medicine can be translated into Ophthalmic care. Transcriptome analyses of the human retina identify unprecedented transcript diversity. Some of the Universities such as Ocular Genomics Institute, Harvard Medical School, USA is contributing a lot in this field to the scientific community.

Relevant Conferences:

2^nd International Conference on Transcriptomics, September 12-14, Philadelphia, USA; Clinical and Molecular Genetics Conference November 28-30, 2016 Chicago, USA; 5^th Cell and Gene Therapy Conference May 19-21, 2016 San Antonio, USA; Genetic and Protein Engineering Conference, November 14-16, 2016 Atlanta, USA; Genetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine Conference August 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation(GRS), July 09-10, 2016 Vermont, USA; Basic Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancer, November 8-11, 2015 Berlin, Germany, Genetic Society of America , July 13-17, 2016, in Orlando, Florida : American Society of Human Genetics , October 18-22 , 2016 Vancouver, Canada, The RNA Society, June 28- July 2, 2016 Kyoto, Japan.

RNA editing is a molecular process through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within a RNA molecule after it has been generated by RNA polymerase. RNA editing has been observed in the RNA sequences of viruses, archaea and prokaryotes. RNA editing occurs in the cell nucleus and cytosol, as well as within mitochondria and plastids. In vertebrates, editing is rare and usually consists of a small number of changes to the sequence of affected molecules. Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. The study of RNA interference incudes its cellular mechanisms, variation among organisms, biological functions like immunity, down regulation of genes, up regulation of genes and its applications in Gene knockdown, Functional genomics, medicine and biotechnology. The University of Albany situated at New York is rigorously involved towards all the novel research on RNA. The RNA Institute maintained by Paul Agris (University at Albany) is the best known platform for carrying out RNA analysis. Added to that, The RNA Society formed in 1993 facilitates sharing and dissemination of experimental results and emerging concepts in ribonucleic acid research.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Nucliec Acids, August 4-6, 2016 Seattle, USA; World Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 8-9, 2016, Baltimore, USA; International Conference on Next Generation Sequencing, July 21-22, 2016, Berlin, Germany; 2^nd International Conference on Transcriptomics September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; 6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics, March 31-Apr 2, 2016, Atlanta, USA; EMBL Conference - Transcription and Chromatin, 27 - 30 Aug 2016, Heidelberg, Germany; RNA UK 2016, January 29-31, 2016, Lake District, UK; Dynamic DNA and RNA Structures in Damage Responses & Cancer Conference, Feb 22-25, 2016, Cancun, Mexico; Small RNA Silencing: Little Guides, Big Biology, January 24-28, 2016, Keystone, USA; Chromatin Structure & Function, May 22 – 27, 2016, Les Diablerets, Switzerland. 

Track 3: Exploring Transcriptome

While exploring the complexity of the Transcriptome, the basic protocol of the identification of long stress-induced non-coding transcripts is followed. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules that are transcribed from DNA but are not translated into proteins. Functional Impact of Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) involves regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Those ncRNAs that appear to be involved in epigenetic processes can be divided into two main groups; the short ncRNAs (<30 nts) and the long ncRNAs (>200 nts). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread attention in recent years as a potentially new and crucial layer of biological regulation. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) biochemically resemble mRNAs posited by Jacob and Monod, yet do not template protein synthesis. Rather, lncRNAs functioning as RNA genes to orchestrate genetic regulatory outputs. Today, lncRNA transcripts have emerged as a cryptic, but critical layer in the genetic regulatory code. It has been implicated in a range of developmental processes and diseases in which Long ncRNAs target proteins to specific genomic loci to affect transcription patterns. It also modulates the activity of protein-binding partners. They also act as precursors for small RNAs. Analysis of the transcriptome on neurological basis can be done under the title of profiling microRNAs and circular RNAs in brain. Here we can find out how the genomic basis is responsible for the behavioural changes through neurological basis. Even this phenomenon can be controlled through Regulation of Transcriptional Heterogeneity. The basic strategy behind the all this mechanism comes from the molecular level which contain Chromatin and Histone Protein.

John L. Rinn is the Alvin and Esta Star Associate professor of Stem Cell and Regerative Biology at Harvard University and Medical School and Senior Associate Member of the Broad Institute. Our research aims to understand the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in establishing the distinct epigenetic states of adult and embryonic cells and their misregulation in diseases such as cancer.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Nucliec Acids, August 4-6, 2016 Seattle, USA; World Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins, December 8-9, 2016, Baltimore, USA; International Conference on Next Generation Sequencing, July 21-22, 2016, Berlin, Germany; 2^nd International Conference on Transcriptomics September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; 6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics, March 31-Apr 2, 2016, Atlanta, USA; Noncoding RNAs and Cancer, December 4 - 7, 2015, Boston, USA; Chromatin, Noncoding RNAs in Health and Disease, February 21-24, 2016, New Mexico, USA; Non-coding RNAs and RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease, March 29, 2016, Texas, USA; RNA UK 2016, January 29-31, 2016, Lake District, UK; Small RNA Silencing: Little Guides, Big Biology, January 24-28, 2016.

Track 4: NGS Technologies

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technologies enable a wide variety of methods, allowing researchers to ask virtually any question related to genome, transcriptome, or epigenome of any organism. Sequencing methods differ primarily by how the DNA or RNA samples are obtained and by the data analysis used. The numbers of methods is constantly growing. The most common are small RNA-Seq: Whole Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing, Exome Sequencing, De Novo Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis and Hybrid Sequencing Approach. Various NGS platforms in the market such as Illumina, SOLiD, and Roche, offer unprecedented ability to apply massively parallel sequencing of transcriptomics (RNA) and genomic (DNA) samples to understand disease and health. The enormous Differential Splicing and RNA Sequencing Data pose a fundamental problem of management and analysis. Various data analysis solutions eliminate the next-generation sequencing data management. ABRF Next-Generation Sequencing (ABRF-NGS) is the most effective technique for accurate sequencing data. For Ribonucleic acid, Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is carried out which examines the RNA sequence information from individual cells with optimized next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Next Generation Sequencing July 21-22, 2016, Berlin, Germany; 2^nd International Conference on Transcriptomics September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; 6^th International Conference on Bioinformatics  March 29-30, 2016 Valencia, Spain; 6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics March 31-Apr 2, 2016, Atlanta, USA; 5^th International Conference and Exhibition on Metabolomics May 16-18, 2016, Osaka, Japan; NGS 2016 Genome Annotation, April 4-6, 2016, Barcelona, Spain; NGS Data Analysis and Informatics Conference, February 18-19, 2016, San Diego, USA; Plant Genomes & Biotechnology: From Genes to Networks, December 2-5, 2016 Cold Spring Harbor, USA; Personalized Medicine World Conference, Silicon Valley 2016, January 24-27, 2016 Mountain View, USA; 3rd Annual Single Cell Analysis Congress, November 12-13, 2015, London West, UK

Data emanating from RNA-Seq studies have greatly improved the coverage of Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Plants. This technology further compounded transcriptome analysis by making it possible to identify differentially spliced transcripts etc. In the research, either microarray or RNAseq based datasets is used for Transcriptome Analysis of Agricultural Plants. These datasets are stored as Transcriptome sequence Databases. To clarify the phylogeny of green plants, sequences from the plastid genome are used which is termed as Plant Phylogenomics

Proteomics of Plant Study has been a major boon for many companies, to name a few being Accelrys, ActivX Biosciences, Beyond Genomics, Biomax Informatics AG and Biovation. The research as gained a lot of applications in industry have gained up as a major study in too in top schools as of International Plant Proteomics Organization, Murdoch University, University of Nottingham, University of Salford Manchester and University Of Nebraska–Lincoln.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA; 2nd Global Summit on Plant Science October 31-November 02, 2016 Baltimore, USA; 2^nd International Conference on Transcriptomics September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; 6^th International Conference on Bioinformatics  March 29-30, 2016 Valencia, Spain; 6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics March 31-Apr 2, 2016, Atlanta, USA; International Plant & Animal Genome XXIV, January 9-13, 2016, San Diego, USA; Plant Biology 2016, July 7-13, Austin, USA; Plant Genomes & Biotechnology: From Genes to Networks, December 2-5, 2016 Cold Spring Harbor, USA; International Congress on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, July 17-21, 2016, Portland, USA; Microbial Stress: From Molecules to Systems, November 12-15, Sitges, Spain.

Track 5: Diagnosis & Applications of RNA-Seq

Disease interrogation & clinical applications of RNA-Seq involves different methods that are required for gene expression analysis. Like, we can find out the Alternative Protein-Coding Transcripts in Prostate Cancer to interrogate its nature and occurrence. Targeted RNA sequencing is a highly accurate and specific method for measuring expression of transcripts of interest, offering both quantitative and qualitative information. This allows for differential expression analysis, as well as allele-specific expression measurement and verification of the presence of fusion genes. The ability to obtain a complete picture of Intergenic Disease-Associated Regions provides clear understanding of how the underlying genome is converted into the functional proteins, allowing for clinical utility in patient classification, diagnosis, and individualized treatment. To understand which coding and non-coding RNAs are transcribed in the diseased cell, deciphering the Diseased Transcriptome by RNA-Seq and qPCR can be done. The Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine has a special unit called Centre for Genetic Medicine where bioinformatics analysis of a RNA-seq is performed. Other universities include The Rockefeller University and University of Bristol, UK

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Nucliec Acids, August 4-6, 2016 Seattle, USA; International Conference on Next Generation Sequencing, July 21-22, 2016, Berlin, Germany; 2^nd International Conference on Transcriptomics September 12-14, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; 6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics March 29-30, 2016 Atlanta, USA; 2nd International Conference on Prostate Cancer and Treatment May 05-07, 2016 Chicago, USA; Non-coding RNAs and RNAP II Regulation in Development and Disease, March 29, 2016, Texas, USA; RNA UK 2016, January 29-31, 2016, Lake District, UK; NGS 2015 November 18-19, Sheffield, UK; NGS 2016 Genome Annotation, April 4-6, 2016, Barcelona, Spain.

Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Microorganisms describe the roles of transcriptome and proteome in all the microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses. To understand the phenomenon behind a viral infection, the proteins involved and their expression should be known which can be discovered by Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling of Viruses. The second section involves fungi and their metabolic changes. A wide variety of fungi have demonstrated the ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. This is a major concern requiring knowledge of the biofilm mechanisms which can be fulfilled by the transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of bacterial and fungal biofilms. To analyse complex bacterial flora, Large scale Analysis of Complex Bacterial Communities is performed. This large-scale cloning and sequencing of 16Srna involved in protein expression.

The National Science Foundation Offers awards and funding opportunities in the research and thus so named where discoveries begin.

Related Conferences:

4th International Congress on Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases May 16-18, 2016 San Antonio, USA; 4th International Conference on Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Genomics, October 05-07, 2015 Philadelphia, USA; 5th International Conference on Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Genomics, October 24-26, 2016 Rome, Italy; 2nd International Congress and Expo on Applied Microbiology October 31-November 02, 2016 Istanbul, Turkey; International Conference on Infectious Diseases & Diagnostic Microbiology Oct 3-5, 2016 Vancouver, Canada; Conference on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms, November 1-5, Rotorua, New Zealand; Microbial Stress: From Molecules to Systems, November 12-15, Sitges, Spain; Antibiotics, November 26-28, Madrid, Spain; XVII International Congress on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, July 17-21, 2016, Portland, USA; Microbe 2016, September 23-25, 2016, Sheffield, UK; The Molecular biology Society of Japan Annual Meeting, November 29 – December 2, 2016, Yokohama, Japan.

Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics are all from the field of OMICS sciences, which revolve around Transcriptomics. Disruptions or changes at any step of gene expression are responsible for many genetic diseases. Through the use of Genome Analysis and Microarrays scientists can determine – in a single experiment – the expression levels of hundreds or thousands of genes within a cell. All these genome sequence data can be recalled Big Data Mining. Other field of genomics related to sequence analysis is Functional Genomics, Computational Genetics, Comparative Genomics, Translational Genomics, and Evolutionary Genomics.

Molecular evidence from a sequence-based application is a main agenda in Plant Genomics and Microbial Genomics. For a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment, Single Cell Genome sequencing is done which examines the sequence information from individual cells with optimized next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. For more information about the products (proteins) of these cells, it is mandatory to understand the mechanism involved in their transcription and translation. In that case Proteomics of Transcription Machinery, proving itself helpful in explaining the expression of proteins by through ribosome in a Single cell. Coming to the Bioinformatics, the major breakthrough involves Drug designing and Drug Discovery, making the entire process more fast at quite low cost.

Genomic labs have the fastest growing market with nearly 250 universities concentrating on its research majorly to be named Whitetail Genetic Research Institute, Stanford University, National Human Genome Research Institute. Major companies concentrating on the research are Affymetrix, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, and Genentech etc.  Drug Discovery research has the major growing market with applications in pharmaceuticals and medicine and thus major companies like Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Merck & Co. Inc. and Johnson & Johnson focusing on the growing industry.

Relevant Conferences:

6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics, September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; 6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics March 29-30, 2016 Atlanta, USA; 6^th International Conference on Bioinformatics  March 29-30, 2016 Valencia, Spain; 5^th International Conference and Exhibition on Metabolomics May 16-18, 2016, Osaka, Japan; International Conference on Next Generation Sequencing, July 21-22, 2016, Berlin, Germany; Genomic Instability, July 23-24, 2016, Hong Kong, China; 18th International Conference on Proteomics and Bioinformatics, March 30 - 31, 2016, Istanbul, Turkey; X Annual Congress of the European Proteomics Association, June 21-25, 2016 Istanbul, Turkey; 7^th International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms, February 21-23, 2016, Rome, Italy; The Fourteenth Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference, January 11-13, 2016, San Francisco, USA.

Gene expression profiling simultaneously compares the expression levels of many genes between two or more sample types. This analysis can help scientists identify the molecular basis for phenotypic differences and select gene expression targets for in-depth study using other technologies. Gene expression profiling provides valuable insight into the role of differential gene expression in normal biological and disease processes. There are many techniques used for gene expression profiling. One of the major techniques for expression profiling includes Measuring Relative Activity by SAGE and Super SAGE, where SAGE stands for serial analysis of gene expression technology for the analysis of expressed genes.  The other technique includes Gene annotation which provides functional and other information, for example the location of each gene within a particular chromosome. Some functional annotations are more reliable than others; some are absent. Gene annotation databases change regularly, and various databases refer to the same protein by different names, reflecting a changing understanding of protein function. Having identified some set of regulated genes, the next step in expression profiling involves looking for patterns within the regulated set for categorizing regulated genes. This can be done by finding similarities between the functioning of the proteins produced from different cell. Further categorization is done on the basis of relationship between two genes and their products by finding patterns among regulated genes. This is analysed by the fact that what these regulated genes actually are and what they do. Compared to Proteomics, the human genome contains on the order of 25,000 genes which work in concert to produce on the order of 1,000,000 distinct proteins. Knowledge of the precise proteins a cell makes, is more relevant than knowing how much messenger RNA is made from each gene, gene expression profiling provides the most global picture possible in a single experiment.

Gene Expression profiling has a growing research being utilized by major companies like Wafergen Biosystems, Afymetrix, SBI, Luminex, Asper Biotech, Genentech San Francisco to name a few. The research has been supported as a course by more than 470 universities and gains international funding too.

Relevant Conferences:

2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, Nov 14-16, 2016, Atlanta, USA; Clinical and Molecular Genetics November 28-30, 2016 Chicago, USA; 5^th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and Gene Therapy May 19-21, 2016 San Antonio, USA; International Conference on Genetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine August 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; 6^th International Conference on Bioinformatics  March 29-30, 2016 Valencia, Spain; 6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics March 31-Apr 2, 2016, Atlanta, USA; NGS 2016 Genome Annotation, April 4-6, 2016, Barcelona, Spain; NGS Data Analysis and Informatics Conference, February 18-19, 2016, San Diego, USA; Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation (GRS), July 9-10, 2016, Vermont, United States; Basic Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancer, November 8–11, 2015, Berlin, Germany; Keystone Symposia: Metabolism, Transcription and Disease, Jan 10-14, 2016, Utah, USA.

Oncogenomics is a relatively new sub-field of genomics that applies high throughput technologies to characterize genes associated with cancer. The study involves the research in to the Bioinformatics and functional analysis of oncogenes, which refers to the gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, they are often mutated or expressed at high levels.

Cancer genome sequencing requires the development of new techniques utilizing Genomics and bioinformatics tools for target assessment, including both experimental protocols and data analysis algorithms, to enable a deeper understanding of complex biological systems. Databases for Cancer Research have been developed which primarily study the Mutations in Mitochondrial DNA and Cancer to come up with effective and informative databases.   It involves the development of Tools for integrative meta-analysis, 3c-based data integration and application of Networks and OMICS data, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of Integrative eqtl-based analyses, High performance genomics data visualization and Laboratory information management system to come up with Potential Diagnostic Applications. 

Computational Genomics research has grown after the increased research in Genomics with major universities like Iowa State University, University Of California, and The George Washington University Concentrating on the growing topic. The Bisti Consortium has even launched the NIH and Government Programs and Initiatives in Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology (BICB) with a list of programs concentrating on Computational Biology Research.

Relevant Conferences:

Cancer Diagnostics Conference & Expo June 13-15, 2016 Rome, Italy; 11^th Asia-Pacific Oncologists Annual Meeting July 11-13, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 12^th Cancer Therapy Euro Summit September 26-28, 2016 London, UK; Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancer Conference March 29-30, 2016, Atlanta, USA; Prostate Cancer and Treatment Conference May 05-07, 2016, Chicago, USA; Advances in Breast Cancer Research, Bellevue, October 17 - 20, 2015, Washington USA; AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics, November 5-9, 2015 Boston, USA; New Horizons in Cancer Research Conference: Bringing Cancer Discoveries to Patients, November 12-15, 2015, Shanghai, P.R. China; IMPAKT 2016 Breast Cancer Conference, Brussels, May 12-14, 2016, Brussels, Belgium; 10^th European Breast Cancer Conference March 09-11, 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Epigenetic modulation of gene expression is responsible for tissue specific and temporal changes across growth and development. The most widely studied of these epigenetic modifications is DNA methylation of 5-methylcytosine at CpG dinucleotides and histone modification. This DNA methylation can be caused by small factors like smoking tobaccos. Aberrations of DNA methylation are associated with a range of diseases, including imprinting disorders and cancer. Recent advances in technologies have made it possible to study the epigenetic changes associated with these diseases using robust genome-wide technologies including the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (henceforward denoted the 450 k array; These intensities are then used to calculate DNA methylation levels, with advantageous throughput, cost, coverage and technical consistency. Gene silencing is also used for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. To study the modification on the genetic material of the cell called epigenome, Epigenomics comes into action. For all aspects of epigenetic principles and mechanisms in relation to human disease like diabetes and cancer, diagnosis and therapy Clinical Epigenetics is taken into consideration. It focuses on Clinical trials and research in disease model organisms. Currently, Pfizer is a major company carrying its research and development on Epigenetics.

Ulrich Mahlknecht is currently a Professor of medicine at the University of Heidelberg, and Head of the Department of Hematology/Oncology at St. Lukas Clinic in Solingen, Germany. His research focuses on novel targeted immunological and epigenetic concepts in the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

Relevant Conferences:

2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, Nov 14-16, 2016, Atlanta, USA; Clinical and Molecular Genetics November 28-30, 2016 Chicago, USA; 5^th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and Gene Therapy May 19-21, 2016 San Antonio, USA; International Conference on Genetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine August 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; 6^th International Conference on Bioinformatics  March 29-30, 2016 Valencia, Spain; 6^th International Conference & Expo on Proteomics March 31-Apr 2, 2016, Atlanta, USA; Game of Epigenomics, April 24, 2016, Dubrovnik Croatia; Genetics, Genomics and Epigenetics, April 3-7, 2016, Snowbird, USA; Chromatin and Epigenetics, March 20-24, 2016, Whistler, Canada; New Frontiers in Gene Editing: Striving for Better Design, Precision, and Efficiency, March 10-11, 2016, San Francisco, USA; Plant Epigenetics: From Genotype to Phenotype, February 15-19, 2016, Taos, USA; KAUST-UCI Epigenetics and Environment, December 2-6, 2015, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

Transcriptional Regulation and Transcriptional Attenuation deals with Regulation of Transcription by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA and attenuation which is a regulatory feature causing premature termination of transcription. There are various classes of attenuators according to the type of molecule which induces the change in RNA structure. It can be a Small-Molecule-Mediated Attenuation: Introduction to Riboswitches, in which Riboswitch sequences (in the mRNA leader transcript) bind micro and macro molecules, which cause a conformational change in the mRNA. The other type of attenuation includes Protein-Mediated Attenuation and Ribosome-Mediated Attenuation. This phenomenon of transcriptional attenuation is most prominent in the trp Operon found throughout Archaea and Bacteria.

Major Universities as of University of Southampton, University of Utah, MBL, University Of Colorado Boulder, University of Manitoba and University of Michigan have bought up courses dealing exclusively with Transcriptome Regulation and Attenuation encouraging and attracting specific research worldwide. The topic attracts major research funding too from INRA, NIH, Laboratory of Genome Regulation and Universitat Pompeu Fabra to name a few.

Relevant Conferences:

2^nd International Conference on Transcriptomics, September 12-14, Philadelphia, USA; International Conference on Clinical and Molecular Genetics November 28-30, 2016 Chicago, USA; 5^th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and Gene Therapy May 19-21, 2016 San Antonio, USA; 2^nd International Conference on Genetic and Protein Engineering, Nov 14-16, 2016, Atlanta, USA; International Conference on Genetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine August 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK; Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation (GRS), July 9-10, 2016, Vermont, United States; Basic Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancer, November 8–11, 2015, Berlin, Germany; Keystone Symposia: Metabolism, Transcription and Disease, Jan 10-14, 2016, Utah, United States;  Game of Epigenomics, April 24, 2016, Dubrovnik Croatia; ICHGGT 2016 : 18th International Conference on Human Genetics and Genetic Technology, March 14 - 15, 2016 Paris, France.

There are many Clinical Application and Related Disorders with Transcriptomics. Clinical Transcriptomics focus on the understanding of the molecular basis of diseases through translational research. The key aspects include genome-wide gene expression analysis from human patient samples. These techniques can be used to detect transcriptome involved in Neurological Disorders employing technologies such as RNA-Seq, Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) or small RNA sequencing. Neurological disorders like Huntington disease involves a DNA segment known as a CAG Repeats. It’s a tri-nucleotide repeats that appear multiple times in a row. A very novel technique called INsPeCT (INtegrative Platform for Cancer Transcriptomics), which allows users with basic computer skills to perform comprehensive in-silico analyses of microarray, ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq data.

Transcriptomics has a growing research in its clinical applications with major schools taking up it is a course like Karoliska Institutet, University of Bristol, University of Ferrara, Boston University School of Medicine and also being a part of major labs like SciLife Lab.

Relevant Conferences:

2^nd World Congress on Breast Cancer, September 19-21, 2016, Phoenix, USA; 2nd International Conference on Prostate Cancer and Treatment May 05-07, 2016 Chicago, USA; 2nd International Conference on Brain Disorders and Therapeutics October 27-29, 2016 Chicago, USA; 7th International Conference on Biomarkers & Clinical Research November 28-30, 2016 Baltimore, USA; International Allergy Conference March 29-30, 2016 Valencia, Spain; Neurobiology of Brain Disorders, August 7-12, 2016, Girona, Spain; Asian-Australasian Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Meeting 2016, March 1-April1, 2016, Cairns, Australia; Immunometabolism in Immune Function and Inflammatory Disease, February 21-25, 2016, Banff, Canada; 6th International Symposium on Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, May 10-13, 2016, Montreal, Canada, 17th World Conference on Lung Cancer, December 4-7, 2016, Vienna, Austria.

Innovation and discoveries in the field of Transcriptomics are opening many unlocked doors for the researchers and key vendors to concrete their ideas. Thus, a large belt of companies have created a Transcriptome technology market, making it more convenient to get the insight of the topic. Major Companies are providing more efficient and cost-effective way for the on-going researches. Through, transcriptomics meetings they can meet researchers from across the world and can share their technology globally.

Studies on Transcriptome analysis are providing a large platform for all the industries to expose their new launch. Companies involved in the manufacturing can be the most benefited one from this kind of transcriptomics expo.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Next Generation Sequencing July 21-22, 2016 Berlin, Germany; Cancer Diagnostics Conference & Expo June 13-15, 2016 Rome, Italy; 4th International Conference on Predictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics September 19-21, 2016 Phoenix, USA; 2nd International Conference and Exhibition on Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics September 26-28, 2016 Miami, USA; Cancer Diagnostics Conference & Expo June 13-15, 2016 Rome, Italy; NGS 2016 Genome Annotation, April 4-6, 2016, Barcelona, Spain; NGS Data Analysis and Informatics Conference, February 18-19, 2016, San Diego, USA; Personalized Medicine World Conference, Silicon Valley 2016, January 24-27, 2016 Mountain View, USA; 3^rd Annual Single Cell Analysis Congress, November 12-13, 2015, London West, UK; RNA UK 2016.

Transcriptomics Case Reports deals with the study of mechanisms of preventing major disease, novel drug discovery, promoting health through organized efforts by involving different communities, societies, and organizations. It involves entire genome analysis to promote health of entire populations. It involves the total system and the eradication of particular disease like Huntington's disease, Breast Cancer etc. It mainly involves assessment and monitoring of the health of communities and populations at risk to identify health problems and priorities. Also, it monitors the formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and priorities. Lastly, it assures that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Case Reports March 31-April 02, 2016 Valencia, Spain; 2^nd International Meeting on Clinical Case Reports, April 18-20, 2016 Dubai, UAE; 3^rd Experts Meeting on Medical Case Reports May 09-11, 2016 New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; 5^th Global Pharmacovigilance Summit April 28-29, 2016 Dubai, UAE; 2nd International Meeting on Clinical Case Reports April 18-20, 2016 Dubai, UAE; EASD Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Study Group Annual Meeting 2015, October 29-31, 2015 Munich, Germany; Society For Endocrinology National Clinical Cases Meetings, February 2, 2016 Edinburgh, UK; Clinical Update 2016, March 21-23, Birmingham, UK; Advances in the Pathogenesis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease, November  27, 2015 London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology applied to Intensive Care Medicine, 1–3 December 2015, Brussels, Belgium.