Andrew Grimson
Cornell University, USA
Title: Mining transcriptome data to identify consequential microRNAs and their targets
Biography
Biography: Andrew Grimson
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to essentially all mammalian gene regulatory pathways, the identification of consequential miRNAs active in a given cell-type remains challenging. To address this challenge, mRNA and miRNA transcriptome profiles can be used to infer the identities of miRNAs with regulatory impacts. We used such approaches to discover miRNAs that might underlie age-dependent differences in CD8+ T cells, which protect organisms from intracellular diseases. In early life, mice and other mammals are deficient at generating memory CD8+ T cells, which protect from re-infection; we hypothesized that age-specific activity of one or more miRNAs underlie these differences. We profiled mouse transcriptomes from CD8+ T cells at different stages of infection, comparing adult and neonatal profiles. Adult and neonatal miRNA profiles were surprisingly similar in effector cell populations created during infection; however, we observed large differences prior to infection; in particular, miR-29 and miR-130 exhibit significant differential expression between adult and neonatal naive cells. Importantly, we detected reciprocal changes in expression of mRNA targets for both miRNAs; moreover, targets include Eomes and Tbx21, key genes that regulate memory CD8+ T cell formation. In addition, the mRNA profiles of neonatal naive cells already resemble those of effector cells. Changes in miR-29 and miR-130 and their targets are conserved in human CD8+ T cells, and in other T cell lineages. Together, these results suggest that miR-29 and miR-130 are important regulators of memory CD8+ T cell formation, and that neonatal cells are committed to a short-lived effector cell fate prior to infection.